Contents 1 Native 2 Colonization 3 Struggle for independence, 18111828 [152], Uruguay ranks high on standardised tests such as PISA at a regional level, but compares unfavourably to the OECD average, and is also below some countries with similar levels of income. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. [47] Most were killed in Argentina and other neighboring countries, with 36 of them having been killed in Uruguay. [132] The Montevideo Gas Company and the Pluma airline were turned over to the private sector, but the pace of privatization slowed down in 1996. [152], Uruguay is part of the One Laptop per Child project, and in 2009 became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student,[154] as part of the Plan Ceibal. [41], After the Guerra Grande, there was a sharp rise in the number of immigrants, primarily from Italy and Spain. Numerous unpaved roads connect farms and small towns. It is among the most famous and recognizable tangos of all time. The people of this country are known to be warm, welcoming, and friendly. (eds.) Diego Forln was presented with the Golden Ball award as the best player of the 2010 tournament. [50], A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum. The law was voted at the Uruguayan Senate on the same date with 16 votes to approve it and 13 against. The official racial term on the Uruguayan census is "amarilla" or "yellow" in English, which refers to people of East Asian descent. [117][118] The London-based magazine Frontier chose the Carrasco International Airport, serving Montevideo, as one of the best four airports in the world in its 27th edition. Covering an area of 176,000 sq.km, Uruguay is South America's 2nd smallest nation. Understand The name Uruguay means river of the colorful birds. [60], In 2014, Tabar Vzquez was elected to a non-consecutive second presidential term, which began on 1 March 2015. The average annual temperature of the country is 17.5C (63.5F), ranging from 16C (61F) in the southeast to 19C (66F) in the northwest. Their names and assignments are listed below. Colorado Party candidate Jorge Batlle, aided by the support of the National Party, defeated Broad Front candidate Tabar Vzquez. [12] Uruguay is regarded as one of the most socially progressive countries in Latin America. WebThe history of Uruguay comprises different periods: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the 16th century), the Colonial Period (15161811), the Period of Nation-Building (18111830), and the history of Uruguay as an independent country (1830). [32] As of February 2010, Uruguay had 1,136 military personnel deployed to Haiti in support of MINUSTAH and 1,360 deployed in support of MONUC in the Congo. More than 97%[127] of Uruguay's electricity comes from renewable energy. [146] In 1837 civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. [73] The departmental executive authority resides in a superintendent and the legislative authority in a departmental board. Although Argentine holidaymakers are an important target market for tourism in Uruguay, in recent years the country has managed to position itself as an important tourist destination to other markets, receiving a high flow of visitors from countries such as Brazil, Paraguay and the United States, among others. Jos Enrique Rod (18711917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. His inauguration coincided with the effects of the Great Depression,[44] and the social climate became tense as a result of the lack of jobs. Mate (drink) is the most typical beverage in Uruguay, being a portable beverage that Uruguayans take to all manner of places. In 1811, Jos Gervasio Artigas, who became Uruguay's national hero, launched a successful revolt against the Spanish authorities, defeating them on 18 May at the Battle of Las Piedras. The airport can handle up to 4.5million users per year. [73], Argentina and Brazil are Uruguay's most important trading partners: Argentina accounted for 20% of total imports in 2009. [11] The predominant tribe at the moment of the arrival of Europeans was the Charra people, when the Portuguese first established Colnia do Sacramento in 1680; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans late relative to neighboring countries. [24] The landscape features mostly rolling plains and low hill ranges (cuchillas) with a fertile coastal lowland. [144] Uruguay's secularization began with the relatively minor role of the church in the colonial era, compared with other parts of the Spanish Empire. manufacturing plant. [42] Montevideo became a major economic center of the region and an entrept for goods from Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. [66][67] Although it never gets too cold, frosts occur every year during the winter months, and precipitation such as sleet and hail occur almost every winter, but snow is very rare; it does occur every couple of years at higher elevations, but almost always without accumulation. Uruguayan Portuguese is spoken as a native language by between 3% and 15%[dubious discuss] of the Uruguayan population, in northern regions near the Brazilian border,[149][dubious discuss][bettersourceneeded] making it the second most spoken language of the country. Weburuguay, cuyo nombre oficial es repblica oriental del uruguay, es un pas soberano de amrica del sur, situado en la parte oriental del cono sur. [39], This establishment of the policy of co-participation represented the search for a new formula of compromise, based on the coexistence of the party in power and the party in opposition.[39]. So far, the disputed areas remain de facto under Brazilian control, with little to no actual effort by Uruguay to assert its claims. [128][129] Most of the electricity comes from hydroelectric facilities and wind parks. [86][87] In November 2010, Uruguay and Argentina announced they had reached a final agreement for joint environmental monitoring of the pulp mill.[88]. This method has been used several times over the past 15 years: to confirm a law renouncing prosecution of members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (19731985); to stop privatization of public utilities companies; to defend pensioners' incomes; and to protect water resources. WebUruguayans ( Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. [167] Despite their early success, they missed three World Cups in four attempts from 1994 to 2006. [116], Carrasco International Airport was initially inaugurated in 1947 and in 2009, Puerta del Sur, the airport owner and operator, with an investment of $165million, commissioned Rafael Violy Architects to expand and modernize the existing facilities with a spacious new passenger terminal to increase capacity and spur commercial growth and tourism in the region. He was elected President of the Neurological Society of India (1956), 21 vice-president of the WFN (1969-1973), and president of the World Congress of Neurology in New Delhi, 1989. [33] After nearly four more years of struggle, the Portuguese Kingdom of Brazil annexed the Banda Oriental as a province under the name of "Cisplatina". [99] Some newspapers are owned by, or linked to, the main political parties. [56][57] Abortion was legalized in 2012,[58] followed by same-sex marriage[59] and cannabis in the following year. And the most typical sweet is Alfajor, which is a small cake, filled with Dulce de leche and covered with chocolate or meringue, it comes in various types, fillings, sizes and brands. [66] The absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country. The dialect was spoken mainly in the Colonia Department, where the first pilgrims settled, in the city called La Paz. On his first day in office in March 1985, Sanguinetti re-established complete freedom of the press. Mit 176.215 Quadratkilometern Flche (davon rund 2.600 Quadratkilometer Wasserflche) ist es etwa halb so gro wie Deutschland. El Pas, the paper of the rival Blanco Party, has the largest circulation. [27], There is an extensive group of thousands of man-made tumuli known as "Pechito Paloma" in the eastern part of the country, some of them dating back to 5,000 years ago. Only in some spots of the Atlantic Coast and at the summit of the highest hills of the Cuchilla Grande the climate is oceanic (Cfb). [151], In 2001, Uruguayan Sign Language (LSU) was recognized as an official language of Uruguay under Law 17.378. [162] MercoPress is an independent news agency focusing on news related to Mercosur and is based in Montevideo. [169], Uruguay exported 1,414 football players during the 2000s, almost as many players as Brazil and Argentina. WebUruguay, country located on the southeastern coast of South America. The dramatic shift, taking less than ten years and without government funding, lowered electricity costs and slashed the country's carbon footprint. The telephone system is completely digitized and has very good coverage over all the country. [113], Uruguay is the Latin American country that receives the most tourists in relation to its population. Although Santana has open borders with Rivera, it's a different jurisdiction. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. [32] Uruguay then became a zone of contention between the Spanish and Portuguese empires. [35], In 1843, an Argentine army overran Uruguay on Oribe's behalf but failed to take the capital. The only country in South America that is smaller than Uruguay is Suriname. [35] Rivera declared war on Rosas in 1839. [121] Passenger service was then discontinued in 1988. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. [25] In 2017 the average total fertility rate (TFR) across Uruguay was 1.70 children born per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.76 children born per woman in 1882. Uruguay is a country in South America. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. Maintain high level of inventory accuracy in high-volume automotive. Uruguay: A Country Study, 1990, Rex A. Hudson and Sandra W. Meditz, En el pas de las conquistas sindicales, Christophe Ventura, octubre de 2015, British army attempted to seize Buenos Aires and Montevideo, treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, International Military Education and Training, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan, Administracin de Ferrocarriles del Estado, "The Tale of Two Civil Societies: Comparing disability rights movements in Nicaragua and Uruguay", "Encuesta Continua de Hogares (ECH) - Instituto Nacional de Estadstica", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022", "Hace 13.000 aos cazadores-recolectores exploraron y colonizaron planicie del ro Cuareim", "Presentan tesis del nombre Uruguay Diario EL PAIS Montevideo Uruguay", "Uruguay, el pas de los pjaros pintados despierta la pasin por mirar", "Las estructuras tumulares (cerritos) del litoral atlantico uruguayo", "Uruguay and the memory of the Charra tribe ThePrisma.co.uk", "THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 181130 Uruguay", "BEGINNINGS OF INDEPENDENT LIFE, 183052 Uruguay", "THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL, 185275 Uruguay", "Caudillos and Political Stability Uruguay", "Evolution of the Economy and Society Uruguay", "THE CONSERVATIVE ADJUSTMENT, 193143 Uruguay", "Baldomir and the End of Dictatorship Uruguay", "Uruguay: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations", "Uruguay's Left Makes History by Winning Presidential Vote", "Uruguay elects Jos Mujica as president, polls show", "Same-sex marriage bill comes into force in Uruguay", "Tabare Vazquez wins Uruguay's run-off election", "Uruguay's new center-right president sworn in", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity Supplementary Material", "Tornado kills 4, injures hundreds in Uruguay", "Ola de calor: Florida registr un rcord histrico de temperatura", RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY Boletn Meteorolgico Mensual Direccin Nacional de Meteorologa, "Uruguay's Constitution of 1966, Reinstated in 1985, with Amendments through 2004", "Uruguay ushers in first conservative government in 15 years", "The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2012", "Censos 2011 Instituto Nacional de Estadistica", "Uruguay marks distance from Argentina: UK does not come to plunder resources", "Mujica praises Argentina/Uruguay common past; calls for an end to 'ports' war', ''Clarn'': Hay 115 casos de dermatitis en un balneario ubicado frente a Botnia, "Uruguay and Argentina implement "scientific" accord for joint monitoring", Brazil and Uruguay step closer to integration, "Chavez and Mujica Meet and Sign Numerous Bilateral Agreements", "Chapter XXVI: Disarmament No. [96][needs update], In 2004, the Batlle government signed a three-year $1.1billion stand-by arrangement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), committing the country to a substantial primary fiscal surplus, low inflation, considerable reductions in external debt, and several structural reforms designed to improve competitiveness and attract foreign investment. WebUruguay le na pobe Atlantskho ocenu, v regionu Cono Sur. [44], In 1938, general elections were held and Terra's brother-in-law, General Alfredo Baldomir, was elected president. South America Church Statistics. [100], Between the years 2007 and 2009, Uruguay was the only country in the Americas that did not technically experience a recession (two consecutive downward quarters). [4], Education in Uruguay is secular, free,[152] and compulsory for 14 years, starting at the age of 4. Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy, peace, low perception of corruption,[12] and e-government. One of the most consumed spreadables in Uruguay is Dulce de leche (a caramel confection from Latin America prepared by slowly heating sugar and milk). [99], Uruguay's long tradition of freedom of the press was severely curtailed during the years of military dictatorship. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. [32] Colorado Party leader Julio Mara Sanguinetti won the presidency and served from 1985 to 1990. [145] Under the influence of the Colorado politician Jos Batlle y Ordez (19031911), complete separation of church and state was introduced with the new constitution of 1917. Uruguay (/jrwa/ (listen);[10] Spanish:[uuwaj] (listen)), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay or the Eastern Republic of Uruguay (Spanish: Repblica Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America. [25] The tradition of the gaucho has been an important element in the art and folklore of both Uruguay and Argentina. The 19th-century painter Juan Manuel Blanes, whose works depict historical events, was the first Uruguayan artist to gain widespread recognition. [32] Enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies. [61] In 2020, he was succeeded by Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, member of the conservative National Party, after 15 years of left-wing rule, as the 42nd President of Uruguay. Ryan K. Olsen Region. Uruguay won the inaugural tournament on home soil in 1930 and again in 1950, famously defeating home favourites Brazil in the final match. [24] Uruguay has 660km (410mi) of coastline.[24]. Overland trade has increased markedly since Mercosur (Southern Common Market) was formed in the 1990s and again in the later 2000s. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. [94] In the fiscal year 2010, the United States provided Uruguay with $1.7million in military assistance, including $1million in Foreign Military Financing and $480,000 in International Military Education and Training. Popular Uruguayan rock bands include La Vela Puerca, No Te Va Gustar, El Cuarteto de Nos, Once Tiros, La Trampa, Chalamadre, Snake, Buitres, and Cursi. The major internal river is the Ro Negro ('Black River'). [119][120], The Punta del Este International Airport, located 15 kilometres (9.3mi) from Punta del Este in the Maldonado Department, is the second busiest air terminal in Uruguay, built by the Uruguayan architect Carlos Ott it was inaugurated in 1997.[116]. [24] Official statistics from Uruguay's Agriculture and Livestock Ministry indicate that meat and sheep farming in Uruguay occupies 59.6% of the land. Other Uruguayan famous songwriters are Jaime Roos, Eduardo Mateo, Rubn Rada, Pablo Sciuto, Daniel Viglietti, among others. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. [25] The book continues to influence young writers. [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. [83] A rivalry between the port of Montevideo and the port of Buenos Aires, dating back to the times of the Spanish Empire, has been described as a "port war". You may also like: Church announces new Hawaii Laie Mission Africa Central Area [37], The first railway line was assembled in Uruguay in 1867 with the opening of a branch consisting of a horse-drawn train. [36], In 1845, Britain and France intervened against Rosas to restore commerce to normal levels in the region. Uruguay has by far the smallest population of any country that has won a World Cup. [32] The indigenous peoples' fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited European settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. [33] The Brazilian Empire became independent of Portugal in 1822. According to one source, around 180 Uruguayans are known to have been killed and disappeared, with thousands more illegally detained and tortured during the 12-year civil-military rule of 1973 to 1985. [167] Uruguay performed very creditably in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, having reached the semi-final for the first time in 40 years. As few native people exist in the population, no indigenous languages are thought to remain in Uruguay. The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. The second smallest country on the continent, Uruguay has long been overshadowed politically and economically by the adjacent republics of Brazil and Argentina, with both of which it has many cultural and historical similarities. [153], Public education is the primary responsibility of three institutions: the Ministry of Education and Culture, which coordinates education policies, the National Public Education Administration, which formulates and implements policies on early to secondary education, and the University of the Republic, responsible for higher education. [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. However, simply walking the streets allows tourists to experience the city's colorful culture. It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century, with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics. President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972. WebUruguay ist nach Suriname der zweitkleinste Staat Sdamerikas. A series of economic crises and the political repression against left-wing guerrilla activity in the late 1960s and early 1970s put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century,[clarification needed] culminating in the 1973 coup d'tat, which established a civic-military dictatorship. Between 1875 and 1890, the military became the center of power. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. It is part of the Southern Cone region of South America. ", Los 9 temas de Marama y Rombai en el top 10 de Spotify Argentina, "World Cup 2010: Diego Forlan collects Golden Ball award", The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking Ranking Table, "Uruguay "exported" 1.414 football players in the last decade", World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Uruguay, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguay&oldid=1134235346. One of the effects of this high level of unionization was to reduce socio-economic inequalities. [66] Summers are tempered by winds off the Atlantic, and severe cold in winter is unknown. [162], State-run radio and TV are operated by the official broadcasting service SODRE. However, the south of the country receives less precipitation than the north. A dense fluvial network covers the country, consisting of four river basins, or deltas: the Ro de la Plata Basin, the Uruguay River, the Laguna Mern and the Ro Negro. [25], Uruguay has a small but growing film industry, and movies such as Whisky by Juan Pablo Rebella and Pablo Stoll (2004), Marcelo Bertalmo's Los das con Ana (2000; "Days with Ana") and Ana Dez's Paisito (2008), about the 1973 military coup, have earned international honours. [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. [53] Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbours, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating, one of only two in South America. Uruguay, a nation in southeastern South America covers an area of 176,000 square km and is the continents second smallest nation. Die Kste ist 660 km lang. [73], The judicial arm is exercised by the Supreme Court, the Bench and Judges nationwide. Wedged like a grape between Brazils gargantuan thumb and Argentinas long forefinger, Uruguay has always been something of an underdog. Uruguay is a diverse country full of a variety of cultures, foods, religions, arts, and sports, all coming together to form a unique national identity. A migration law passed in 2008 gives immigrants the same rights and opportunities that nationals have, with the requisite of proving a monthly income of $650. However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. [53], President Mujica backed Venezuela's bid to join Mercosur. Folk music is called canto popular and includes some guitar players and singers such as Alfredo Zitarrosa, Jos Carbajal "El Sabalero", Daniel Viglietti, Los Olimareos, and Numa Moraes. On the map, surrounded by its large neighbors, Uruguay seems tiny, writes contemporary Uruguayan historian and novelist Eduardo Galeano. The first Sanguinetti administration implemented economic reforms and consolidated democracy following the country's years under military rule.[32]. Mission President. [162] Although it sells only about 16,000 copies a week, its estimated readership exceeds 50,000. [36] It appeared that Montevideo would finally fall when an uprising against Rosas, led by Justo Jos de Urquiza, governor of Argentina's Entre Ros Province, began. Rock and roll first broke into Uruguayan audiences with the arrival of the Beatles and other British bands in the early 1960s. In 2004, the Uruguayan musician and actor Jorge Drexler won an Academy Award for composing the song "Al otro lado del ro" from the movie The Motorcycle Diaries, which narrated the life of Che Guevara. Government forces emerged victorious, leading to the end of the co-participation politics that had begun in 1872. [99] El Da was the nation's most prestigious paper until its demise in the early 1990s, founded in 1886 by the Colorado party leader and (later) president Jos Batlle y Ordez. There are two Montevideo-based football clubs, Nacional and Pearol, who are successful in domestic and South American tournaments and have won three Intercontinental Cups each. The rest of the urban population lives in about 30 towns. [33] The assembly refused to seat the delegates from the Banda Oriental, however, and Buenos Aires pursued a system based on unitary centralism. There were confrontations in which police and leftists died. The country is known for its colonial-era historic districts in Colonia and Montevideo, popular beaches on the Atlantic Coast, and beef productiona former meat processing plant in Fray Bentos is a world heritage site. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas and the chief port as well as the cultural, educational, commercial and financial center of Uruguay. [25] The candombe is a folk dance performed at Carnival, especially Uruguayan Carnival, mainly by Uruguayans of African ancestry. [11] It is estimated that at the time of the first contact with Europeans in the 16th century there were about 9,000 Charra and 6,000 Chan and some Guaran island-settlements. [53], Uruguay ranks first in the world on a per capita basis for its contributions to the United Nations peacekeeping forces, with 2,513 soldiers and officers in 10 UN peacekeeping missions. At the other extreme, 38% of farmers exploit small lots and have herds averaging below one hundred head. Montevideo was founded by the Spanish in the early 18th century as a military stronghold in the country. [85] The ensuing dispute remained a subject of controversy into 2010, particularly after ongoing reports of increased water contamination in the area were later proven to be from sewage discharge from the town of Gualeguaych in Argentina. (2011). [163], Football is the most popular sport in Uruguay. [53] The economy contracted by 11%, and unemployment climbed to 21%. , which began on 1 March 2015 soil in 1930 and again 1950. Up to 4.5million users per year most of the Beatles and other British bands in the population, no languages! An important element in the early 18th century as a military stronghold in the name Uruguay means river the... Is considered Uruguay 's electricity comes from hydroelectric facilities and wind parks football players during the of... 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Won the inaugural tournament on home soil in 1930 and again in the art and folklore of both and! ] of Uruguay 's electricity comes from hydroelectric facilities and wind parks first Uruguayan to. [ 162 ], football is the Latin American country that receives the most socially progressive in. Is among the most famous and recognizable tangos of all time 19th-century painter Juan Blanes... Their early success, they missed three World Cups in four attempts from 1994 to 2006 emphasized the need end!
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uruguay montevideo west mission president